Genetics
DNA, mutations, meiosis, natural selection, Punnett squares, pedigrees and biotechnology.
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- 1The genetic toolkitGenes, alleles, DNA structure, base pairing, Rosalind Franklin, homologous chromosomes and the genetic code.
- 2MutationsGenetic variation, mutations, substitutions, deletions and insertions, frameshifts, and genetic disorders.
- 3Sexual reproduction and meiosisAsexual vs sexual reproduction, fertilisation, meiosis as a reduction division, crossing over and independent assortment.
- 4Population genetics and natural selectionGene pools, allele frequency, migration, natural selection, peppered moths, genetic drift, and the founder and bottleneck effects.
- 5Inheritance and Punnett squaresDominant and recessive alleles, genotype and phenotype, Punnett squares, expected vs observed ratios, and test crosses.
- 6Sex, pedigrees and sex-linked traitsSex determination, reading pedigree charts, and sex-linked disorders like haemophilia and colour blindness.
- 7Biotechnology and DNA sequencingSelective breeding, cloning and transgenesis (for or against), DNA sequencing, and genetic screening in NZ.