Heat · Chapter 1: Temperature vs heat

Year 11 Science · About 15 minutes with activities · Turn your sound on

Chapter 1 · Temperature vs heat

Cup of water40°C

Full bath40°C

The bath holds more heatsame temperature, far more particles

Cold waterslower particles

Hot waterfaster particles

Temperature = average kinetic energyof a typical particle

Cup A100 mL · 60°C

Cup B300 mL · 60°C

Same temperaturesame average kinetic energy

Cup B: more particlesmore potential and total energy → more heat

K = °C + 273°C = K − 273

Absolute zero0 K = −273°C

Heat flows hot → cold

Big differencefast transfer

Small differenceslow transfer

Thermal equilibriumsame temperature as the room

Chapter 1 recap

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Heat (internal energy) is the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles.
Same temperature does not mean same heat: more particles means more potential and total energy, so more heat energy (Cup B, the bath).
K = °C + 273. Heat flows from higher to lower temperature; the rate slows as the difference shrinks, reaching zero at thermal equilibrium.
Next: Chapter 2 · Conduction and convection

A cup and a bath are both at 40°C. Which holds more heat?

Chapter 1 · About 15 minutes · sound on

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